(upbeat music) Let's explore the role financial statements play in the investment world. Balance sheets, income statements and cashflow statements will be explained. We'll also discuss how ratios are used to compare corporate earnings against a benchmark to determine their profitability, credit worthiness and general financial shape. Forecasting with financial statements will be discussed along with simple forecasting techniques. Finally, we'll go over the role of proforma statements. Financial statements are businesses' heart and soul and are their primary documents that investors use to make informed decisions about investing. Financial statements provide volumes of information to the investor from both a financial and accounting perspective. Financial statements usually involve four sections: the balance sheet, income statement, statement of cash flows, and the explanatory notes. Along with financial statements, a company also produces a comprehensive financial statement known as a 10-K. This is a comprehensive financial statement filed with the Securities and Exchange Commission which doesn't include all of the supplementary information that's geared for public consumption. The 10-K is on file with the SEC on their website where the public can look up several years of reports. Finance is closely related to accounting which itself is often referred to as the language of business. A primary role of the financial accountant is to prepare these statements in order to communicate a company's financial health to management, stockholders, and stakeholders. Financial statements are prepared using an approved accounting format so that they can easily be compared to other companies' financial statements. The International Accounting Standards Board sets the requirements on what must be presented in a financial statement and how the statement must be formatted. Although there are requirements that must be followed, there was still a lot of room for an organization to incorporate additional information. A wise investors should not rely solely on a company's financial statements. They should also have an in-depth knowledge of the products and services their company offers, their industry ranking, markers that they operate in, and their competition. In addition, all users of financial statements should know accounting principles and terminology so that they can better understand what the statements are saying. The users should also rely on other information to make an informed investment decision. For example, what effect does the national or local economy have on the sales of the product? Will the company be impacted by any pending or future legislation or technological innovation? Financial statements provide a key piece of information that investors need to know, but they shouldn't be the only information used in making an investment decision.