(light upbeat music) Project budgets are estimates of all the funds necessary for completing a project. These funds are needed to pay for the resources, workers, equipment and materials required for a project. In these lessons, we'll look at the basic concepts and elements of budgets. You'll also learn about the basics of a project budget, identifying resource needs, capital and operating costs, and project cost accounting standards. Unlike corporate financial statements, project budgets are usually about expenses, not revenue. Projects use funds to provide new and unique products, services, or other results, such as organizational change. However, revenue and other income are part of the sales or product management process. Here, senior management sets the revenue targets they expect sales to meet. The role and practices of the project manager in budgeting vary depending on the organization, project and the roles and responsibilities assigned. At times, project managers may need to develop a budget. In some circumstances, they may just be given a budget, or have no budget responsibilities. Project managers should consult their managers or project sponsors to determine their exact budgeting responsibilities. The approved budget is all the funds that management authorizes for the project. After planning, the project manager will freeze or baseline the budget. Then the project manager will check the project's financial progress weekly. For a large, complex project, the budget may be for many periods, such as months or quarters. More straightforward projects may have a single period of whatever the length of the project will be. Reasonable budgets also include what's known as a contingency reserve, which consists of funds to cover costs from the possible risks of the project. The other form of reserve, management reserves, aren't included in the budget. Instead, they cover the costs incurred by unidentified risks.